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SPL searches rarely need the FIELDS command to filter out columns because the user interface provides a more convenient method for filtering.

Some of the Splunk search examples shown below could be more concise and more efficient, but for parallelism and clarity, the SPL table and field names are kept the same as the SQL example. When translating from any language to another, often the translation is longer because of idioms in the original language. In Splunk software, 'source' is the name of the file, stream, or other input from which a particular piece of data originates, for example /var/log/messages or UDP:514. In these examples, the 'source' field is used as a proxy for 'table'. In SPL, you will see examples that refer to 'fields'. In SQL, you often see examples that use 'mytable' and 'mycolumn'.

SPL is designed to search events, which are comprised of fields. SQL is designed to search relational database tables which are comprised of columns.

Domain knowledge of that data, how to extract it, what reports to run, etc, are stored in a Splunk application. Fields are not tied to a datatype.Ī Splunk index is a collection of data, somewhat like a database has a collection of tables. After teaching Splunk software how to extract more fields from the raw underlying data, the same search will return more fields than it previously did.

Typically an event is a record from a log file, such as:ġ73.26.34.223 - 'GET /trade/app?action=logout HTTP/1.1' 200 2953įields are returned dynamically from a search, meaning that one search might return a set of fields, while another search might return another set. An event is a result that has a timestamp and raw text. Everything can be quickly retrieved automatically.Ī result in a Splunk search is a list of fields (i.e., column) values, corresponding to a table row. Search results can be thought of as a database view, a dynamically generated table of rows, with columns.Īll values and fields are indexed by Splunk software, so there is no need to manually add, update, drop, or even think about indexing columns. Results from one search can be 'piped', or transferred, from command to command, to filter, modify, reorder, and group your results. However, there are analogues to many of the concepts in the database world.Ī Splunk search retrieves indexed data and can perform transforming and reporting operations. Relational databases require that all table columns be defined up-front and they do not automatically scale by just plugging in new hardware. Rather, it stores data in a distributed, non-relational, semi-structured database with an implicit time dimension. The Splunk platform does not store data in a conventional database. This is not a perfect mapping between SQL and Splunk Search Processing Language (SPL), but if you are familiar with SQL, this quick comparison might be helpful as a jump-start into using the search commands.

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